Great Wall Institute: The Process of the Great Wall of Los AngelesMain MenuResearch of the DecadesResearch1960s Illustration DevelopmentIllustration DevelopmentPlaylists of the DecadesPlaylistssparcinla.org185fc5b2219f38c7b63f42d87efaf997127ba4fcGreat Wall Institute - Social and Public Art Resource Center (SPARC)
12022-07-25T21:35:19+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491983 General Accounting Office Conducts Study (Environmental Justice)1Prompted by the 1982 Warren County sit-in, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO) conducted the study: Siting of Hazardous Waste Landfills and Their Correlation with Racial and Economic Status of Surrounding Communities (PDF). This study is said to have "galvanized the environmental justice movement and provided empirical support for the claims for environmental racism." GAO found that three out of four hazardous waste landfills examined were located in communities where African Americans made up at least twenty-six percent of the population, and whose family incomes were below the poverty level. This study used 1980 Census data.media/121648.pdfplain2022-07-25T21:35:19+00:001983Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-22 at 5.17.26 PM_thumb.png2023-03-23T00:18:11+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491987 LA River Encampment1“By the 1980s, the homelessness situation was a crisis. Skid Row was full, and [those experiencing homelessness] were living throughout the city, with people and families living under freeways, by the beach, and along the Los Angeles River’s 51 miles. Due to the surge in the population, LA County and City took desperate measures, opening City Hall as a temporary housing site, and signing an emergency agreement for a temporary “urban campground” for hundreds in need. This campground was on 12 acres of land lining the LA River and approximately 2,600 people looked to this camp for housing solutions. Unfortunately, this riverside camp was deemed unsuccessful and closed months later.”media/Screen Shot 2023-03-22 at 5.17.26 PM.pngplain2023-03-23T00:18:11+00:001987Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-22 at 5.13.56 PM_thumb.png2023-03-23T00:14:47+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49Housing Overview1smael Cazarez wearing serape and playing flute leading protest of housing demolition in Pico-Union neighborhood in Los Angeles, Calif., 1980 Hodge, Bill, December 15, 1980, Los Angeles Times - “In the decade following 1973, 4.5 million units were removed from the nation's housing stock, half of which was occupied by low-income households. In roughly the same period, over 1 million SRO units were lost, and the nation's public housing program was all but abandoned. It was replaced by the 'Section 8' rent-subsidy program that increased the residential location choice of recipients but only modestly increased the stock of affordable housing. Federal authorizations for housing subsidies amounted to 7 percent of the total budget in 1978; but by the late 1980s this proportion had shrunk to 0.7 percent. At the same time, the rise in single-person households dramatically increased the demand for housing across the nation. In Los Angeles and Southern California the consequence of these wider trends was a housing affordability crisis of unprecedented proportions. The proportion of households able to afford a median-priced home fell, and between 1974 and 1985, the number of housing units in L.A. County renting for $300 per month or less fell by 42 percent in real terms. In addition, the share of the total housing stock that was affordable fell from 35 percent in 1974 to 16 percent over the following decade. The number of poor renter households grew by 43,000 but the number of units they could technically afford fell by 60,000. Virtually no new public housing units were constructed during the 1980s, and between 1970 and 1989 market-rate housing unit growth in L.A. lagged at half the national rate.11”media/Screen Shot 2023-03-22 at 5.13.56 PM.pngplain2023-03-23T00:14:47+00:001980Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Ken Horne_thumb.jpg2022-01-03T20:40:26+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491980 - Ken Horne - CDC identifies first American Patient of the Aids Empidemic71980 April 24 – The CDC receives a report on Ken Horne, a gay man living in San Francisco who is suffering from Kaposi’s Sarcoma, a rare and unusually aggressive cancer linked with weakened immunity. Horne dies on November 30, 1981. The same year, the CDC retroactively identifies Horne as the first American patient of the AIDS epidemic.media/Ken Horne.jpgplain2022-01-04T01:00:36+00:001980Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/First Major News Article on HIV:AIDS Smithsonian magazine_thumb.jpeg2022-01-04T00:56:24+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491981 First Major News Article about HIV/ AIDS4Article: https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html Entitled “Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals,” the article was penned by Lawrence K. Altman and appeared in the New York Times. At the time, gay men were dying of an unusual disease. They presented with purple spots on the skin, and their lymph nodes eventually became swollen before they died. It seemed to be cancer—but the symptoms matched a type usually only seen in very old people. The people who were dying at the time, however, were young and otherwise healthy. Doctors did not understand what was happening or whether the cancer was contagious.media/First Major News Article on HIV:AIDS Smithsonian magazine.jpegplain2023-08-26T00:51:51+00:0007/03/1981Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/History of Unitarianism 1981_thumb.jpg2022-01-26T21:46:52+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491981 History of Unitarianism2A vaulted ceiling entrance located at the First Unitarian Church of Los Angeles. Sponsored by the First Unitarian Church at 8th and Vermontmedia/History of Unitarianism 1981.jpgplain2022-01-26T22:53:13+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
12022-02-07T23:43:21+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491982 “Nightwatch in Los Angeles" - The Great Wall of Los Angeles by Judith F. Baca2Charlie Rose interview with Judy Baca at the Great Wall of Los Angeles, broadcast nationally. 1982 TV.plain2022-02-07T23:44:09+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 2.56.29 PM_thumb.png2022-10-07T21:57:14+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491982 Koreatown sign unveiled2The 1965 Immigration Act ended various exclusionary immigration policies. It also set up a system of preference that favored skilled workers and the families of American citizens. This landmark piece of legislation facilitated massive new waves of Asian migration. New communities arose, such as Los Angeles’ Koreatown, and the Sikh community in Yuba City, whose temple is pictured here. As Asian migrants with more capital arrived, “suburban Chinatowns” such as Monterey Park grew.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 2.56.29 PM.pngplain2023-08-26T00:59:49+00:001982Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49