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Chicano Movement
12023-03-06T21:47:06+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a4913Photographic Research and Illustrationsgallery2023-03-24T00:22:51+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
12022-08-01T23:09:32+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49Movimiento from 1960s3Chicano/a Movement in Washington - tied to Los Angeles based movementplain2022-08-01T23:20:54+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 2.39.42 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T21:46:49+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491960s Brown Berets members2When he 15, Dr. Sanchez started the Young Chicanos for Community Action in Monterey Park, California. He later changed the name to the Brown Berets, because he had actually purchased one, by chance, and wore it often. From then on, the grassroots group met at various locations, including the Boy’s and Girl’s Club and coffee shops, because they didn’t want police to know their whereabouts. Dr. Sanchez, along with Carlos Montes, another organizer with the Brown Berets, began to take up causes such as police brutality, better education, and discrimination against the Latinx community. Their first protest was in 1967, when they picketed the sheriff's office in East L.A. to protest the killing of Latino men.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 2.39.42 PM.pngplain2023-10-16T20:52:40+00:001960sLatinx Movements and ActivismGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.14.03 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:18:46+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491969 1st Chicano Moratorium protester Rosalio Muñoz1Rosalio Muñoz greets Chicano Moratorium activists in November 1969media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.14.03 PM.pngplain2022-10-14T23:18:46+00:00November 19, 1969Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.09.03 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:16:35+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491969 1st Chicano Moratorium: Outside recruiting center2Chicano Moratorium protesters outside the Marine Corps recruiting station, November 19, 1969. | Image courtesy of the UCLA Library Digital Collections, Creative Commons Licensemedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.09.03 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:25:56+00:00November 19, 1969Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.26.12 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:27:49+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491969 1st Chicano Moratorium: Rosalio Muñoz1Rosalio Muñoz greets Chicano Moratorium activists in November 1969.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.26.12 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:27:49+00:00November, 1969Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.20.25 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:21:43+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors in the rain6Chicano Moratorium march on a February 28, 1970. Events on this rainy day were captured by Jesus Trevino for the fim "Moratorium in the Rain," aired on KCET in 1970 as part of the program Ahora!media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.20.25 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:13:52+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.44.41 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:44:55+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Brown Berets make an appearance4People marching during the 2nd Chicano Moratoriummedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.44.41 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:20:36+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.45.45 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:47:18+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Young protester holding a sign4Three young protestors carry a sign reading "STOP! CHICANO GENOCIDE" during the 2nd Chicano Moratoriummedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.45.45 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:22:00+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.48.53 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:50:29+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Large group of protestors4A large group of people marching during the 2nd Chicano Moratorium. Notice the Brown Berets in frontmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.48.53 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:22:34+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.22.32 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:24:54+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Protestor with fist raised4~4,000 gathered on rainy day to protest. This first gathering is documented in the 1st issue of La Raza magazine.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.22.32 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:14:45+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.25.39 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:27:57+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Las Adelitas de Aztlán join protest4“After leaving the Brown Berets, Arellanes — along with Jensen and her sister, Grace; Andrea and Esther Sánchez; Lorraine Escalante; Yolanda Solis; and Arlene Sánchez — founded Las Adelitas de Aztlán. The name referred to the soldaderas who fought alongside the men during the Mexican Revolution. They invited members of the community to join them and on Feb. 28, 1970, they made their public debut at the second anti-war moratorium in East Los Angeles.” Members of Las Adelitas de Aztlán at the second Chicano Moratorium protest against the Vietnam War on Feb. 28, 1970. At right is Hilda Reyes. They marched in the rain under a banner made by Gloria Arellanes and other members of the group. Las Adelitas dissolved later that year.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.25.39 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:15:39+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.28.42 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:29:55+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Woman and man hold up posters4Man and woman holding posters during the marchmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.28.42 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:16:51+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.30.26 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:31:50+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Woman with umbrella4Women holding an umbrella to shelter herself from the rain during the marchmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.30.26 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:17:36+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.32.37 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:34:42+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Group of protestors4Protestors holding various sign as they marchmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.32.37 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:19:30+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.36.01 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:37:05+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Woman with sign and umbrella5Women with umbrella and sign around her neck at the 2nd Chicano Moratoriummedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.36.01 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:20:03+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.37.51 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:40:49+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Las Adelitas de Aztlán protesting4Two women with crosses marching during the Chicano Moratoriummedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.37.51 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:18:52+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.41.32 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:43:00+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 2nd Chicano Moratorium: Men carrying a coffin4Four men carrying a coffin during the 2nd Chicano Moratoriummedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.41.32 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:21:08+00:00February 28, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.52.50 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:53:12+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Two young protestors hold up a large banner3“Aug. 29, 1970 was the third in a series of anti-war demonstrations that had taken place in East Los Angeles without incident.”media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.52.50 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:30:01+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.17.03 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:17:53+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Ruben Salazar 22“Anyone who has worked a police beat as a reporter, as I have, knows that policemen tend to have difference attitudes toward enforcing the law depending on the social, financial and racial makeup of the people they deal with.” -Ruben Salazar Journalist Rubén Salazar and camera operator Guillermo Restrepo trailed after police who were chasing people east down Whittier Blvd. They eventually stopped at the Silver Dollar Bar and Café. That was where Los Angeles County deputy sheriff Tom Wilson said he fired the tear gas canister that struck Salazar in the head. Rubén Salazar was both the news director at Spanish language TV station KMEX and a columnist for the Los Angeles Times.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.17.03 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:40:21+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.21.06 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:21:20+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 Later Chicano Moratoriums: Raul Ruiz and the corpse of Gustav Montag3Raul Ruiz lays a Mexican flag atop the corpse of Gustav Montag, during a 1971 protest in East Los Angeles. Three people died on Aug. 29, 1970 Moratorium. They included: LA Times journalist and KMEX (Ch. 34) news director Rubén Salazar, Gilberto Diaz (Angel Gilbert Diaz) and Lyn Ward. During a 1971 protest, Gustav Montag was murdered by police. Identified as Jewish, Montag was the fourth casualty in East LA of the organized moratoriums. This moratorium was held on February 2, 1971.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.21.06 PM.pngplain2023-03-25T23:14:35+00:00February 2,1971Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.23.36 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:24:32+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: After moratorium demonstration2Chicano Moratorium Committee anti-war demonstrators gather in East L.A. "The biggest, bloodiest disturbance in Los Angeles since Watts five years earlier lasted several hours. When it was over, Los Angeles Times columnist Ruben Salazar was dead and two others mortally wounded, about 200 people were under arrest, 75 law enforcement officers and untold numbers of demonstrators were injured, 95 county vehicles were destroyed or damaged, 44 buildings were pillaged and eight major fires had been set.” “After the Chicano Moratorium, I said no way am I going to put myself in jeopardy ever again,” Jensen says. “Because that’s how scared I was.” Jensen stopped organizingmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.23.36 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:56:13+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.55.18 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:55:32+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Group of protestors move down Whittier Blvd.3“The National Chicano Moratorium Against the Vietnam War in East Los Angeles would become the biggest gathering of Mexican American demonstrators in U.S. history to that point, with about 20,000 people parading down Whittier Boulevard to what was then called Laguna Park — before widespread violence erupted when sheriff’s deputies stormed the park and skirmishes followed. Patrol cars and buildings were set on fire.”media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.55.18 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:30:56+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.56.34 PM_thumb.png2022-10-14T23:57:08+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors hold anti Vietnam War posters3Chicano Moratorium march down Whittier Blvd in East LA on August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 4.56.34 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:32:11+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.01.49 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:02:07+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Rosalio Munoz speaks at Laguna Park3Rosalio Munoz speaks at the 3rd Chicano Moratorium rally in East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970. The protest started peacefully and included whole families, mothers with young children protesting against the Vietnam War.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.01.49 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:14:17+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.04.41 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:05:02+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Consuelo Flores recounts as violence broke out2Consuelo Flores Remembers, age 9 in 1970. She remembered smoke — tear gas, shot into the crowds. Untold numbers of protesters were injured by deputies or while fleeing. ‘I’m 9 years old, and I’m seeing the cop who’s supposed to protect me, whacking” a young man, she recalled. ‘My [red] shoes just fall off, and I just keep running, I’m running with my bare feet, so now my feet are burning too, and ... I’m just trying to get home.’media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.04.41 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:16:19+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.05.41 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:07:51+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Policeman with shotgun2A police deputy with shotgun raised outside of a National Chicano Moratorium march in August 1970 that attracted between 20,000 and 30,000 demonstrators.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.05.41 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:17:16+00:00August 29, 1970La Raza Staff Photographers/UCLA Chicano Studies Research CenterGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.08.58 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:10:03+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Policemen charge towards Laguna Park3Sheriff's deputies descend on Chicano Moratorium demonstrators on Whittier Boulevard near Indiana Street as the march erupts into chaos on Aug. 29, 1970media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.08.58 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:18:10+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.12.46 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:13:34+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Injured policeman dragged out of Laguna Park2Arrellanes: One image remains embedded in her memory: “It was at the park. There was a lot of paper, a lot of debris. There was a wheelchair, tipped on its side. Nobody in it. You know, somebody carried somebody. That always stayed on my mind. Laguna Park was renamed Salazar Park. Image from Herald-Examiner Collectionmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.12.46 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:18:53+00:00August 29, 1970Herald-Examiner Collection/Los Angeles Public Library: National Chicano MoratoriumGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.19.34 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:20:54+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park1Crowd clashes with police at Laguna Park during the Chicano Moratorium March, August 29, 1970 in East Los Angeles.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.19.34 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:20:54+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.24.15 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:24:43+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park 21Crowd clashes with police at Laguna Park during the Chicano Moratorium March in East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.24.15 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:24:43+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.26.22 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:27:07+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park 31L.A. County Sheriff’s Department deputies confront demonstrators in Laguna Park (now Ruben F. Salazar Park), East L.A. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.26.22 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:27:07+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.28.50 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:29:59+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park 41LASD officers after the confrontation with protesters during the National Chicano Moratorium at Laguna Park, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.28.50 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:29:59+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.30.16 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:31:03+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park 52LASD officers after the confrontation with protesters during the National Chicano Moratorium at Laguna Park, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.30.16 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:31:32+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.31.23 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:32:14+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Crowds clash with police at Laguna Park 61Laguna Park after the Chicano Moratorium. Protest Sign reads: “Chale Con la Draft”. August 29, 1970. This photo shows an empty and abandoned park after people were violently attacked by officers using batons and teargas canisters.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.31.23 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:32:14+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.49.58 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:51:52+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Fellow protestors watch the Chicano Moratorium1People watch the National Chicano Moratorium march to Laguna Park, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.49.58 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:51:52+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.53.12 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:53:50+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Fellow protestors watch the Chicano Moratorium 21People watch the National Chicano Moratorium march to Laguna Park, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.53.12 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:53:50+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.01.36 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:03:07+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Fellow protestors watch the Chicano Moratorium 31Chicano Moratorium Committee conducts a march and rally commemorating the ninth anniversary of Chicano anti-Vietnam War demonstrations in Atlantic Park. Hernando Perez (right foreground) gets inspired as he watches the demonstrators. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.01.36 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:03:07+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.38.43 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:39:59+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Group of protestors move down Atlantic Avenue1National Chicano Moratorium demonstrators marching down Atlantic Avenue, one of East L.A.’s busiest streets. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.38.43 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:39:59+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.48.41 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:48:57+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Group of protestors move down Whittier Blvd. 21Chicano Moratorium March, August 29, 1970 in East Los Angeles. According to UCLA history professor Juan Gómez-Quiñones, some 500 police officers and sheriff’s deputies joined the melee that day.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.48.41 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:48:57+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.38.28 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:43:29+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: LASD officers outside the Silver Dollar Cafe1LASD officers in front of the Silver Dollar Cafe moments before Ruben Salazar is killed. East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.38.28 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:43:29+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.46.33 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:47:22+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: LASD officers outside the Silver Dollar Cafe 21LASD officers in front of the Silver Dollar Cafe moments before Ruben Salazar is killed. East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.46.33 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:47:22+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.42.06 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:48:16+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: LASD officers outside the Silver Dollar Cafe 31Deputies at the Silver Dollar moments before Ruben Salazar was killed. “Silencing his voice was a devastating move toward interracial, interethnic understanding,” said Félix Gutiérrez, professor emeritus at USC Annenberg School of Journalism. “And it showed that if you speak up too much, you might end up paying a price.”media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.42.06 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:48:16+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.08.31 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:10:01+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Newly weds march in Chicano Moratorium1A newly wedded couple march in the National Chicano Moratorium, which took place in East Los Angeles, August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.08.31 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:10:01+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.42.26 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:43:51+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protest buttons1Chicano Moratorium Buttons from the 3rd Chicano Moratorium. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.42.26 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:43:51+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.45.18 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:11:16+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors arrive at Laguna Park1Demonstrators arrived hot and exhausted, but excited to Laguna Park after the 3 mile march. Laguna Park, founded in 1940, became the Moratorium focal point as 20-30,000 exhausted antiwar demonstrators sat on park grass to hear speeches from 13 speakers, including Dolores Huerta, “Corky” Gonzales, César Chávez, activist lawyer Oscar Zeta Acosta, and Rosalío Muñoz. Besides opposing the Vietnam War and police brutality, speakers aimed to promoted Mexican American cultural pride, but few of them had the chance to deliver their remarks.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.45.18 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:11:16+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.07.10 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:08:17+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors carry a sign1Demonstrators holding up a sign that reads “Be Brown Be Proud” during the Chicano Moratorium, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.07.10 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:08:17+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.34.45 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:37:09+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors hold anti Vietnam War posters 21Chicana and Chicano demonstrators marching down Beverly Boulevard at the start of the Moratorium, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.34.45 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:37:09+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.37.19 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:38:24+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors hold anti Vietnam War posters 31Chicano Moratorium protestor on Whittier Blvd in East LA on August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.37.19 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:38:24+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.57.07 PM_thumb.png2023-03-20T23:57:50+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors march down Whittier Blvd. 11Protesters march on Whittier Boulevard during the National Chicano Moratorium, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.57.07 PM.pngplain2023-03-20T23:57:50+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.58.20 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:00:06+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors march down Whittier Blvd. 21Mother holding child marches on Whittier Boulevard during the National Chicano Moratorium, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 4.58.20 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:00:06+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.00.22 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:01:14+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors march down Whittier Blvd. 32Protestors marching on Whittier Boulevard during the National Chicano Moratorium, East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.00.22 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:01:42+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.05.25 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:06:51+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Protestors march over Highway 601Demonstrators cross the pedestrian bridge connecting the divided sides of Belvedere Park across California State Highway 60 during the Chicano Moratorium in East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.05.25 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:06:51+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.48.43 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:49:44+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Ruben Salazar 11Ruben Salazar in the late 1960s or 1970. “So they went through a showcase coroner’s inquest … and District Attorney Evelle J. Younger decided not to file any charges,” said Gutiérrez. The LA County Sheriff’s Department historian declined to comment for this story on Rubén Salazar’s death or the investigation that followed.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.48.43 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:49:44+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.49.57 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:50:50+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Ruben Salazar 31David Alfaro Siqueiros, Heroic Voice, 1970, Lithograph. Ruben Salazar’s death had major reverberations, not just in California, but around the world.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.49.57 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:50:50+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.32.27 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:33:52+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Sheriff car burns1LASD vehicle burns during the National Chicano Moratorium. East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.32.27 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:33:52+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.34.11 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:35:05+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Shop on Whittier Blvd. burns1Buildings burn on Whittier Boulevard during the National Chicano Moratorium. East Los Angeles. August 29, 1970.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.34.11 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:35:05+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.35.38 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:36:39+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Smoke rises off Whittier Blvd. as several buildings burn1Smoke rises above Whittier Blvd. from multiple fires points to the chaotic aftermath of the Chicano Moratorium march on Aug. 29, 1970. On Aug. 29, 1970, more than 20,000 demonstrators marched through East Los Angeles for the National Chicano Moratorium Against the Vietnam War. But the protest for peace devolved into conflict between demonstrators and sheriff’s deputies. By day’s end, hundreds were arrested and trailblazing Latino journalist Ruben Salazar was dead. Ultimately 3 died in the protests. What started as a peaceful demonstration, and what some folks felt was going to be a celebratory moment demanding peace, turned into violence & chaos.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.35.38 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:36:39+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.05.40 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T01:06:39+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: 1971 ASCO Stations of the Cross 21One year earlier, Whittier Boulevard had been the site of the National Chicano Moratorium March – the largest war protest organized by a minority group, and one that called out the disproportionate burden borne by Americans of color on the front lines.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.05.40 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:06:39+00:001971Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.03.42 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T01:04:41+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: 1974 ASCO First Supper After a Major Riot 21Gronk: We decided that it was time that we would take action and actually use the streets once again. We would take over a street or a neighborhood and activate it in some way. Pattsi Valdez: These performances usually happened really quickly. An idea would be sparked and then we'd gather all our stuff and Harry would pick us all up, and we'd put everything in the car, and then we'd zoom off into the city and find the location.I think it was a combination of performance art and protest. For me, it was very important to try to get noticed because I had things to say. I felt like I had to do it in a big way, so that the viewer would pay attention. The look, the make-up: I needed for you to pay attention, because I had a message. Gronk: During the performance, people either honked their horns or cheered us on. But also in the back of our minds…at the time a phone call was ten cents, so we all had ten cents in our pocket just in case we had to make that phone call from jail.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.03.42 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:04:41+00:001974Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.00.20 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T01:01:20+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: Men reading newspaper1A group of men reading a newspaper promoting Raul Ruiz as the La Raza Unida Party candidate for California's 48th Assembly District.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.00.20 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:01:20+00:001970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.54.09 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T00:55:11+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: Newspaper the day after the 3rd Chicano Moratorium1Trauma from the fallout of the 3rd Chicano Moratorium. “After the Chicano Moratorium, I said no way am I going to put myself in jeopardy ever again,” Jensen says. “Because that’s how scared I was.” Jensen stopped organizing. Arellanes: “To see all that tragedy and that violence and get tear gassed, to see people screaming and running for their lives. It destroys something in you when you see that much pain.” Later, when Arellanes raised her two sons, she wouldn’t even let them have water guns.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 5.54.09 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T00:55:11+00:00August 30, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.01.33 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T01:02:17+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: Women talking1Anna Nieto Gomez and another woman inside a kitchen at Los Angeles City College.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-20 at 6.01.33 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:02:17+00:001970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Silver dollar Cafe_thumb.jpeg2022-09-07T00:13:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Death of Ruben Salazar4Deputies at the Silver Dollar moments after Ruben Salazar was killed. The county set up a coroner’s inquest with clergy and community activists who could lend credibility to the investigation into Salazar’s death. One of those people was Irene Tovar, who currently sits on the City of LA’s Human Relations Commission.media/Silver dollar Cafe.jpegplain2023-03-21T00:45:45+00:00August 29, 1970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.55.02 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:56:08+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: 1971 ASCO Stations of the Cross2Stations of the Cross was a walking “ritual of resistance” against what the performance group Asco considered the “useless deaths” taking place in Vietnam. The male members of the group (which originally comprised Harry Gamboa Jr., Gronk, Willie Herrón III, and Patssi Valdez) paraded down Whittier Boulevard in East Los Angeles, with Herrón as a Christ/death figure bearing a large cardboard cross. The quasi-Passion Play ended with the trio blocking a U.S. Marines recruiting office with the cross, symbolically halting military recruitment from their Mexican American neighborhood.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.55.02 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:05:21+00:001971Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.52.44 PM_thumb.png2022-10-15T00:54:25+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 After Chicano Moratoriums: 1974 ASCO First Supper After a Major Riot2Harry Gamboa Jr.: LA County sheriffs open fired on innocent students and protestors, and wounded and killed many people who were protesting against the war in Vietnam, and were also protesting against police violence, which was followed by a two to three-and-a-half year crackdown on young people gathering on the streets of East Los Angeles. At the time that we shot [First Supper After a Major Riot], we felt that it had been long enough. It was time for it to be extinguished. And so, we declared it to be a celebration. Willie Herrón: At the time of the Moratorium, I was in high school. I remember the procession originating at Belvedere Park, protesting the Vietnam War and all the Chicanos that lost their lives. The police brutality was incredible. It affected me quite a bit and I think it affected all of us. So that's why Whittier Boulevard became such an important street, and a place for us to conduct our performances and connect them to our community and the way society viewed us at the time.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-14 at 5.52.44 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T01:03:21+00:001974Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War_thumb.jpeg2022-07-14T23:13:46+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491970 3rd Chicano Moratorium: Kids ride on a car down Whittier Blvd.2Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War and the march and rally in Los Angeles on August 29, 1970, that ended in around 200 hundred arrests, many injuries and 3 deaths. David Fenton/Getty Imagesmedia/Chicano Moratorium against the Vietnam War.jpegplain2023-03-21T01:08:47+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-21 at 3.01.49 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T22:03:17+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49Día de los Muertos1In the 1970s, a procession of floats traveled from Evergreen Cemetery to Self-Help Graphics in Boyle Heights on Día de los Muertos. The first public Día de los Muertos celebration in LA was held nearly 50 years ago at Evergreen Cemetery in Boyle Heights. Up until then, observance was a largely private tradition with Indigenous roots in Mexico. Ofrendas, or altars, were constructed inside the home. Public participation in the holiday largely stems from the art and activism ignited by the 1970 Chicano Moratorium and movement for civil rightsmedia/Screen Shot 2023-03-21 at 3.01.49 PM.pngplain2023-03-21T22:03:17+00:001970sGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/silver-dollar_thumb.jpeg2022-09-09T21:14:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49Info: Remembering Ruben Salazar's Life, Not Just His Death3David Sandoval Papers, Special Collections, John F. Kennedy Memorial Library, California Sate University, LA - Sheriff's deputies outside the Silver Dollar, August 29, 1970. Salazar was born in Juarez, Mexico but emigrated to the U.S. with his family when he was an infant. As an immigrant living in Texas during the Great Depression, he had much to overcome. He would later recall that it was common to see signs that read "No Dogs, Negroes, and Mexicans" on public establishments. Still, he enlisted in the Armed Forces and went to college on the GI Bill. He become the managing editor of his college newspaper and used his regular column to speak out against racism and McCarthyism. An accomplished journalist, Salazar earned his credentials reporting from the trenches. He used his bilingual skill and knowledge of the barrio to do in depth reporting in El Paso, Texas, and later in California where he was hired by the Los Angeles Times, where he covered political, social and other news, with a special focus on major developments in the Mexican American community. As The Times' first Mexican American foreign correspondent, Salazar would report on the Vietnam War, Central America and the Olympics in Mexico City. In 1969 The Times brought him back to Los Angeles, where he would cover the growing Chicano movement, fast becoming national news. Salazar would go on to write about the changing attitudes, lives and activities of people living in Los Angeles' barrios during those turbulent times. In 1970, as a Times columnist and Spanish language news editor, he advocated on behalf of the community and welcomed the Chicano movement. To Salazar, journalism was more than just a career; it was a vehicle for democracy. He saw journalism as a way to influence public opinion and create change. On the flipside, however, it meant he would constantly be under the critical eye of those interested in maintaining the status quo, and would have to learn how to subtly and gradually break down stereotypes in order to push the social justice movement forward. He covered a wide variety of events and topics, which enabled him to find ways to get barrio realities recognized as news. That in turn helped the Mexican American community see itself as newsmakers, and history makers. Ruben Salazar was becoming an activist journalist when his life was cut short, killed by a sheriff's tear gas canister while covering the Chicano Moratorium on August 29, 1970. According to the coroner's report he was wearing the demonstrations' green, white and red button: "CHICANO MORATORIUM 8,000 Dead ¡YA BASTA! L.A. Aug. 29." He was just 42 years old. This article was originally published on EGPNews.com.media/silver-dollar.jpegplain2023-03-21T01:10:20+00:001970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2023-03-21 at 3.41.33 PM_thumb.png2023-03-21T22:42:22+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Self Help Graphics 32Established in the wake of the 1970 Chicano Moratorium, Self Help Graphics & Art (1973–present), quickly became an invaluable community art center and site for the production and promotion of Chicanx and Latinx art. Founded by Sister Karen Boccalero, a Franciscan nun and student of Sister Corita Kent, along with artists Carlos Bueno, Antonio Ibáñez, and Frank Hernández in an East LA garage, Self Help Graphics understood art production as a social practice, and sought to fortify the local community through arts education and art-making that celebrated Chicanx identities and experiences.media/Screen Shot 2023-03-21 at 3.41.33 PM.pngplain2023-03-25T20:32:39+00:001970Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Carlos Almaraz (Restored by Willie Herron) No Compre Vino Gallo, 1974.jpg2022-01-07T06:34:58+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49No Compre Vino Gallo, 1974 (Restored 1990)1image_header2022-01-07T06:34:58+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/005_La-Ofrenda-1024x669-820x536.jpg2021-12-02T22:00:00+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491968 The United Farm Workers /Hunger Strike51968plain2022-01-07T02:41:39+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-12 at 5.33.01 PM_thumb.png2022-10-13T00:42:22+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491960s-1970s UFW buttons1A collection of UFW buttons advocating for various boycottsmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-12 at 5.33.01 PM.pngplain2022-10-13T00:42:22+00:001960s-1970sGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 4.28.05 PM_thumb.png2022-10-07T23:29:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491960s Photo of Philip Vera Cruz1“He was one of the co-founders of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a labor union that later joined the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) to become what is known today as the United Farm Workers (UFW). During his years with AWOC, Philip and the other leaders made the decision to start Delano Grape Strike which was one of the most significant and well known strikes in the history of farmworker struggle in California. This strike is what eventually made the UFW. Philip Vera Cruz was the long standing second Vice President of the UFW until he retired in in 1997.”media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 4.28.05 PM.pngplain2022-10-07T23:29:56+00:001960sGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 4.31.53 PM_thumb.png2022-10-07T23:33:53+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491960s Photo of Philip Vera Cruz 21“In the words of Philip Vera Cruz: ‘On September 8, 1965, at the Filipino Hall at 1457 Glenwood St. in Delano, the Filipino members of AWOC held a mass meeting to discuss and decide whether to strike or to accept the reduced wages proposed by the growers. The decision was "to strike" and it became one of the most significant and famous decisions ever made in the entire history of the farmworker struggles in California. It was like an incendiary bomb, exploding out the strike message to the workers in the vineyards, telling them to have sit-ins in the labor camps, and set up picket lines at every grower's ranch... It was this strike that eventually made the UFW, the farmworkers movement, and Cesar Chavez famous worldwide.’”media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 4.31.53 PM.pngplain2022-10-07T23:33:53+00:001960sGina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/UFW_thumb.jpeg2022-08-01T18:15:33+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491962 UFW (United Farm Workers) Formed1In 1962, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), a predecessor of the United Farm Workers (UFW), was founded in Delano, California. Cesar Chávez, alongside Dolores Huerta and other Chicano activists within this organization, defended the rights of farmworkers by employing nonviolent organizing tactics rooted in Catholic social teaching, Chicano identity, and civil rights rhetoric. Through a series of marches, national consumer boycotts, and fasts, the United Farm Workers union attracted national headlines, gained labor contracts with higher wages and improved working conditions, galvanizing the Chicano movement. California’s agribusiness depended on a corporatized system of farm production supported by political allies that hired low-wage workers from Asian, Native, and/or Mexican populations. Farmworkers worked in dire conditions, including exposure to deadly chemicals, inadequate food and shelter, and sexual harassment, while receiving meager wages. Those who protested were replaced by Mexican braceros under the Bracero Program. The Bracero Program’s termination in 1964 led to labor union mobilization among farmworkers. The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) was formed in 1966 as a collaboration between the Filipino Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the National Farm Workers Association. The union built partnerships with religious organizations, student and civil rights activists, and politicians, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy. From 1966 to 1970, the UFWOC carried out a successful international consumer boycott on grapes by picketing outside of grocery stores across the U.S. and Canada and spreading awareness about the movement in Europe. Subsequent boycotts and strikes against lettuce and strawberry growers occurred during the following years. Strikes often led to law enforcement intervention, where farmworkers were beaten, jailed, or replaced by non-citizen laborers. Dolores Huerta is credited with negotiating thousands of labor contracts providing farmworkers with improved wages and working conditions. In 1972, the UFWOC renamed itself the United Farm Workers. By then, communities of farmworkers had been established across the U.S. In California, the UFW’s newspaper El Malcriado (“The Unruly One”) informed the community and provided them with job openings, and Luis Valdes’ El Teatro Campesino (“The Farmer’s Theatre”) offered short comedic skits performed by farmworkers. The UFW also established a federal credit union and union centers with medical care, pension, and voter registration services to its union members. Although the UFW is still operating, internal union strife, short-term labor contracts, and lack of federal legislation concerning farmworker rights have affected the progress of the union.media/UFW.jpegplain2022-08-01T18:15:33+00:001962Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 3.53.03 PM_thumb.png2022-10-07T23:05:54+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491965 Larry Itliong leads Filipino Farm Workers1Larry Itliong & other Filipino leaders of Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) approached NFWA to participate in strike against major grape growers of the Central Valley. Filipino farmwohe Delano Grape Strike. Born in the Philippines, Itliong immigrated to the U.S in 1929, hoping to become a lawyer. Instead, he ended up working in the Alaskan fish canneries and along the West Coast as a farm laborer. During that time, he experienced how badly laborers were treated and saw the power they could gain by working together. He became an activist and organizer. Following his service in the U.S. Army during World War II, Itliong became a U.S citizen and in 1954 moved to Stockton’s Little Manila, where he organized for the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). He was so good at recruiting new members that union leaders asked him to move to Delano to organize Filipino grape workers. It was there that he helped change the history of farm labor. On Sept. 8, 1965, he led AWOC members in walking off the grape vineyards to demand wages equal to federal minimum wage and better working conditions. But Itliong knew that for the strike to succeed, they needed members of the National Farm Workers Association to join. He approached NFWA’s leader, César Chávez, with the proposal. On Sept. 16, the AWOC and NFWA joined forces beginning the Delano Grape Strike and Boycott. It lasted five years and was one of the most important social justice and labor movements in American history, ending with victory for the farmworkers. In the meantime, the AWOC and NFWA merged in 1966 to become the United Farm Workers (UFW), with Chávez as director and Itliong as assistant director. In 1971, Itliong left the UFW but continued to work for Filipino Americans until his death in 1977 at age 63. One of his major successes was securing funding for the construction of the Paulo Agbayani Retirement Village in Delano, which has provided housing and support for retired Filipino farmworkers since 1974.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-07 at 3.53.03 PM.pngplain2022-10-07T23:05:54+00:001965Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-12 at 4.11.36 PM_thumb.png2022-10-12T23:23:26+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491966 March for the boycott of all CA table grapes1Boycott of all CA table grapes begins after other table grape growers allow Giumarra Vineyards Corp to use their labels while UFW was striking Giumarramedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-12 at 4.11.36 PM.pngplain2022-10-12T23:23:26+00:001967Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49