Great Wall Institute: The Process of the Great Wall of Los AngelesMain MenuResearch of the DecadesResearch1960s Illustration DevelopmentIllustration DevelopmentPlaylists of the DecadesPlaylistssparcinla.org185fc5b2219f38c7b63f42d87efaf997127ba4fcGreat Wall Institute - Social and Public Art Resource Center (SPARC)
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.47.53 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T21:48:31+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM activist with rifle stands guard1AIM activist with a rifle stands guard in front of Sacred Heart Church with two freshly built snowmen after a blizzard at Wounded Knee.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.47.53 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:48:31+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.40.57 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T21:45:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM activists preparing for a purification ceremony1American Indian Movement activists preparing for a purification ceremony at the site of the Wounded Knee Massacre during the Wounded Knee Occupation on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, March 3, 1973.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.40.57 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:45:56+00:00March 3, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 5.00.14 PM_thumb.png2022-10-27T00:04:39+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM member stands with Hostages1American Indian Movement Member Stands with Hostages During the Wounded Knee Standoff, 1973media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 5.00.14 PM.pngplain2022-10-27T00:04:39+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 5.05.17 PM_thumb.png2022-10-27T00:10:51+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM members gather around an old pick up truck2The Pine Ridge reservation, where Wounded Knee was located, had been in turmoil for years. To many in the area the siege was no surprise. The Oglala Lakota who lived on the reservation faced racism beyond its boundaries and a poorly managed tribal government within them. In particular, they sought the removal of tribal chairman Dick Wilson, whom many Oglala living on the reservation thought corrupt. Wilson seemed to favor mixed-race, assimilated Lakota like himself -- and especially his own family members -- over reservation residents with more traditional lifestyles. Efforts to remove Wilson by impeaching him had failed, and so Oglala Lakota tribal leaders turned to AIM for help in removing him by force. Their answer was to occupy Wounded Knee.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 5.05.17 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:33:12+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.53.43 PM_thumb.png2022-10-26T23:56:43+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM members defend a blockade during the occupation of Wounded Knee1The day after the Wounded Knee occupation began, AIM members traded gunfire with the federal marshals surrounding the settlement and fired on automobiles and low-flying planes that dared come within rifle range. Russell Means began negotiations for the release of the hostages, demanding that the U.S. Senate launch an investigation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and all Sioux reservations in South Dakota, and that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hold hearings on the scores of Indian treaties broken by the U.S. government.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.53.43 PM.pngplain2022-10-26T23:56:43+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.21.54 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:23:59+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: An armed man stands guard at a Checkpoint1In 1973, members of the American Indian Movement occupied the town of Wounded Knee, S.D., on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. They were protesting the murder of an Oglala Lakota man and the failed impeachment of a tribal president that AIM members accused of corruption. The protests escalated into a deadly standoff that lasted 71 days.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.21.54 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:23:59+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.31.33 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:32:03+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: An armed Native American in a trench takes cover between sandbags1An armed Native American in a trench takes cover between sandbags, the Sacred Heart Church in the background, during the Wounded Knee Occupation (also known as Second Wounded Knee) at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, 7th March 1973. On 27th February 1973, approximately 200 members of the 'American Indian Movement' (AIM) took the reservation hamlet of Wounded Knee by force, declaring it the 'Independent Oglala Sioux Nation,' the hamlet was immediately surrounded by federal marshals, and a siege began, which ended on 8th May 1973.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.31.33 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:32:03+00:00March 07, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.06.44 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:09:53+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Federal troops walk on a road near Wounded Knee1Federal troops walk on a road near Wounded Knee during the siege of the town on March 20, 1973, as about 200 American Indians occupe the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, for the rights of indigenous people. The town of Wounded Knee, the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre, was seized on February 27, 1973, by followers of the American Indian Movement (AIM), who staged a 71-day occupation of the area. Two Indians were killed and a US Marshall was seriously wounded.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.06.44 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:09:53+00:00March 20, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.28.51 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:29:08+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Four federal troops stand blocking the road to Wounded Knee1Four federal troops stand blocking the road to Wounded Knee during the standoff between 200 members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the government, South Dakota, 1973. The AIM is demanding an increase in financial aid from the government for the town of Wounded Knee, the site of the last armed conflict between the United States government and the Great Sioux Nation, which resulted in the massacre of hundreds of Lakota Sioux Indians.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.28.51 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:29:08+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.37.26 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T21:37:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Means announces AIM's settlement with the U.S. government1Means announces AIM's settlement with the U.S. government as negotiator Ken Frizzell of the Department of Justice and Oglala Lakota chief Tom Bad Cobb look on.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.37.26 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:37:56+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.10.50 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:21:31+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: National Guard scramble a response to the occupation of Wounded Knee1Oglala Sioux Occupy Wounded Knee. Members of the National Guard get in armored vehicle meant to suppress the activists at Wounded Kneemedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.10.50 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:21:31+00:00March 1, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.33.47 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T21:35:37+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Occupiers escort negotiator Harlington Wood1Occupiers escort negotiator Harlington Wood (background, in trenchcoat) into the captive town on March 13, in a government attempt to end the crisis. At the time, Wood was Assistant U.S. Attorney General.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.33.47 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:35:37+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.57.17 PM_thumb.png2022-10-26T23:58:54+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Oglala Sioux Occupy Wounded Knee1Oglala Sioux Occupy Wounded Knee. Ours Rapide. (Photo by Paul Slade/Paris Match via Getty Images). The Wounded Knee occupation lasted for a total of 71 days, during which time two Sioux men were shot to death by federal agents and several more were wounded. On May 8, the AIM leaders and their supporters surrendered after officials promised to investigate their complaints. Russell Means and Dennis Banks were arrested, but on September 16, 1973, the charges against them were dismissed by a federal judge because of the U.S. government’s unlawful handling of witnesses and evidence. Violence continued on the Pine Ridge Reservation throughout the rest of the 1970s, with several more AIM members and supporters losing their lives in confrontations with the U.S. government. In 1975, two FBI agents and a Native man were killed in a shoot-out between federal agents and AIM members and local residents. In the trial that followed, AIM member Leonard Peltier was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to two consecutive life terms. With many of its leaders in prison, AIM disbanded in 1978. Local AIM groups continued to function, however, and in 1981 one group occupied part of the Black Hills in South Dakota.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.57.17 PM.pngplain2022-10-26T23:58:54+00:00March 1, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.52.48 PM_thumb.png2022-10-26T23:53:03+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Russell Means, right, beats the drum at a meeting of the Wounded Knee occupation1Russell Means, right, beats the drum at a meeting of the Wounded Knee occupation on March 10, 1973. A photojournalist who managed to get inside the cordon made a series of images of the stand-off and negotiations. On the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, some 200 Sioux Native Americans, led by members of the American Indian Movement (AIM), occupy Wounded Knee, the site of the infamous 1890 massacre of 300 Sioux by the U.S. Seventh Cavalry. The AIM members, some of them armed, took 11 residents of the historic Oglala Sioux settlement hostage as local authorities and federal agents descended on the reservation. AIM was founded in 1968 by Russell Means, Dennis Banks, and other Native leaders as a militant political and civil rights organization. From November 1969 to June 1971, AIM members occupied Alcatraz Island off San Francisco, saying they had the right to it under a treaty provision granting them unused federal land. In November 1972, AIM members briefly occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., to protest programs controlling reservation development. Then, in early 1973, AIM prepared for its dramatic occupation of Wounded Knee. In addition to its historical significance, Wounded Knee was one of the poorest communities in the United States and shared with the other Pine Ridge settlements some of the country’s lowest rates of life expectancy.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-26 at 4.52.48 PM.pngplain2022-10-26T23:53:03+00:00March 10, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.42.49 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:43:46+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Sacheen Littlefeather accepts Marlon Brando’s Best Actor Oscar1Sacheen Littlefeather accepts Marlon Brando’s Best Actor Oscar Win for “The Godfather” (1973). Apache 26 year old actress & activist, Sacheen Littlefeather, President of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee was invited by Marlon Brando to speak. Brando refused to accept the award as Littlefeather details because of the treatment of Native Americans today by the film industry, tv, and at Wounded Knee. Prohibited from giving her entire speech, Littlefeather is both boo’d and applauded. She met with the press afterwards. In 2022, The Academy Awards apologized to Sacheen Littlefeather nearly 50 years latermedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.42.49 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:43:46+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.51.26 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:02:59+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Three men sit in the back of a pick up truck1Oglala Sioux Occupy Wounded Knee. Three men sit in the back of an old Chevrolet, two of the men are armedmedia/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.51.26 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:02:59+00:00March 01, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.04.12 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T22:05:40+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Three men sit in the back of a pick up truck (color)1Oglala Sioux Occupy Wounded Knee. Three men sit in the back of an old Chevrolet, two of them are armed. (color)media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 3.04.12 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T22:05:40+00:00March 01, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.38.41 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T21:40:33+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Wounded Knee signs with spray paint1Wounded Knee, South Dakota. Signs signifying events that occured there in 1890 and updated by spray paint after the Incident at Wounded Knee in 1973, the year this photo was taken. The Wounded Knee Incident began February 27, 1973. The town of Wounded Knee was seized by followers of the American Indian Movement (AIM). The occupiers controlled the town for 71 days while United States Marshals Service and other law enforcement agencies cordoned off the town.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 2.38.41 PM.pngplain2022-10-28T21:40:33+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 4.30.00 PM_thumb.png2022-10-28T23:31:20+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491976 Leonard Peltier, AIM leader, is led across Oakalla Prison to a waiting helicopter2Leonard Peltier, American Indian Movement leader, is led across Oakalla Prison to a waiting helicopter, on Dec. 17, 1976, in Burnaby, British Columbia. Peltier was a member of the American Indian Movement, a grassroots activist organization that began in Minneapolis in the 1960s to challenge police brutality and the oppression of Native Americans' rights. He was at Pine Ridge in 1975 in the wake of a drawn-out protest two years earlier at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, where armed American Indian Movement activists and Oglala Sioux tribal members had occupied the town and clashed with federal law enforcement officers. Two activists were killed. Dozens of people participated in the gunfight; at trial, two co-defendants were acquitted after they claimed self-defense. When Peltier was tried separately in 1977, no witnesses were presented who could identify him as the shooter, and unbeknown to his defense lawyers at the time, the federal government had withheld a ballistics report indicating the fatal bullets didn't come from his weapon, Sharp said. "My co-defendants were found not guilty in self-defense, and I'm the one doing all this time," Peltier said.media/Screen Shot 2022-10-28 at 4.30.00 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:28:53+00:001976Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.21.11 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:30:42+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Clyde Bellecourt with rifle1Native American activist Clyde Bellecourt holding his fist clenched while holding his rifle high, in front of Sacred Heart Church, during the Wounded Knee Occupation at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, 13th April 1973. AIM was founded in 1968 by Russell Means, Dennis Banks, and other Native leaders as a militant political and civil rights organization. From November 1969 to June 1971, AIM members occupied Alcatraz Island off San Francisco, saying they had the right to it under a treaty provision granting them unused federal land. In November 1972, AIM members briefly occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C., to protest programs controlling reservation development.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.21.11 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:30:42+00:00April 13, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 2.59.54 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:32:31+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Regina Brave with rifle1Regina Brave with a rifle during the occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, 1973. The occupation was initiated and led by Oglala women, including Regina Brave, the last woman arrested at Standing Rock. Though "men were the jawbone" of the occupation and the American Indian Movement in general, "women were the backbone." Other important women leaders include Gladys BIssonette and Ellen Moves Camp. Less than 1/3 of the hundreds of occupiers at Wounded Knee were men.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 2.59.54 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:32:31+00:001973Regina Brave with a rifle during the occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, 1973. The occupation was initiated and led by Oglala women, including Regina Brave, the last woman arrested at Standing Rock. Though "men were the jawbone" of the occupation and the American Indian Movement in general, "women were the backbone." Other important women leaders include Gladys BIssonette and Ellen Moves Camp. Less than 1/3 of the hundreds of occupiers at Wounded Knee were men.Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.05.21 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:34:52+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Activist Gladys Bissonette1Gladys Bissonette during the 1970s. Thunder Hawk,of the Oohenumpa band of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, said there wasn’t a conscious effort to make women part of Wounded Knee – they were just there. It was instinctive to be part of the movement. She said tribal leadership back then was predominantly male because of a colonized way of thinking, but having a strong matriarchal presence was simply tradition and culture. “Anything that happens in community all revolves around the strong families and the matriarchs,” said Thunder Hawk, now 83. “That's the way it is.”media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.05.21 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:34:52+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.35.55 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:38:13+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Dick Wilson with GOONs1Tribal president Dick Wilson (center) and members of his paramilitary unit the GOONs (Guardians of the Oglala Nation). This photo is taken during the 1973 siege of Wounded Knee, where the GOONs worked with police and military to repress the resistance. Richard A. Wilson (April 29, 1934 – January 31, 1990) was elected chairman of the Oglala Lakota of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, where he served from 1972–1976, following re-election in 1974. Following complaints about his favoring friends and family in award of jobs and suppressing political opponents with his private militia, Guardians of the Oglala Nation (GOONs), members of the tribal council brought impeachment charges against him in February 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.35.55 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:38:13+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.38.45 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:40:09+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Dick Wilson1Pine Ridge, S.D.: Richard Wilson, president of the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council, revels a previously unreleased list given to him and later authenticated by a U.S. Justice Dept. official, showing names of American Indian Movement (AIM) militants occupying Wounded Knee, S.D., and the counts the Justice Dept. has against them. It was the first time such a list has shown there are definite charges against the AIM leaders and others in Wounded Knee. The prosecution was unprepared when Wilson said he was ready to go to trial, and the proceedings closed without completing the impeachment trial. Several hundred Lakota people marched in protest, demanding the removal of Wilson from office. US Marshals were assigned to protect Wilson and his family. AIM and Lakota supporters occupied the town of Wounded Knee, and a 71-day armed siege resulted, known as the Wounded Knee Occupation.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.38.45 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:40:09+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.40.36 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:42:14+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Dick Wilson with GOONs 21Tribal president Dick Wilson with his GOONs during the 1973 siege of Wounded Knee. February 27, 1973, AIM Organization accepted the responsibility of providing all necessary strength and protection needed by the Oglala Sioux in the efforts to rid themselves of corrupt tribal president, Dick Wilson. Because this degenerated human being is financed and wholly supported by the FBI, CIA, BIA, U.S. Justice Dept., and the U.S. Marshals, it is virtually impossible for any Oglala to voice any kind of opinion which may run contrary to this puppet government without being arrested or beaten...a policy that cannot go unchallenged or unanswered.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.40.36 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:42:14+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.42.39 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:44:17+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Dick Wilson with U.S. Marshall Chief1Wayne Colburn, chief of U.S. Marshalls talks with Dick Wilson at the Oglala Sioux roadblock leading into occupied Wounded Knee, March 27th, 1973. Violent conflict on the reservation continued after the resolution of the Wounded Knee incident. In the three years that followed, more than 50 opponents of Wilson allegedly died violently. One was Pedro Bissonette, head of the civil rights organization, who had originally invited AIM activists to Pine Ridge. He died in a reported altercation with a BIA policeman. Residents accused GOONs of arson and frequent assault. Wilson was alleged to have personally directed an assault on six AIM lawyers in February 1975, but no charges were filed.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.42.39 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:44:17+00:00March 27, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.44.43 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:45:57+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM activist with rifle stands in the snow1An armed Indian militant lowers his face to shield it from the cold biting wind and snow and also to shield his identity as he walks toward the Sacred Heart church here. Members and supporters of the American Indian Movement (AIM) have been holding this small historical village for almost four weeks, March 26nd, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.44.43 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:45:57+00:00March 26, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.46.18 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T22:48:06+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: AIM activist Oscar Bear Runner stands guard with a rifle1AIM Member Oscar Bear Runner stands guard with a rifle during the Wounded Knee Occupation at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, March, 2nd 1973. The Wounded Knee occupation lasted for a total of 71 days, during which time two Sioux men were shot to death by federal agents and several more were wounded. On May 8, the AIM leaders and their supporters surrendered after officials promised to investigate their complaints. Russell Means and Dennis Banks were arrested, but on September 16, 1973, the charges against them were dismissed by a federal judge because of the U.S. government’s unlawful handling of witnesses and evidence.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 3.46.18 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T22:48:06+00:00March 2, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.16.41 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:19:31+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Armed AIM Members in a dugout1Armed Native Americans, with the Sacred Heart Church in the background, during the Wounded Knee Occupation on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota. March 7, 1973. Then, in early 1973, AIM prepared for its dramatic occupation of Wounded Knee. In addition to its historical significance, Wounded Knee was one of the poorest communities in the United States and shared with the other Pine Ridge settlements some of the country’s lowest rates of life expectancy.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.16.41 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:19:31+00:00March 7, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.19.45 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:21:56+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Armed AIM Members take aim1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.19.45 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:21:56+00:00March 4, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.22.26 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:25:15+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: An armed Native American in a trench looks over sandbags1An armed Native American in a trench takes cover between sandbags during the Wounded Knee Occupation on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota, March 7th, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.22.26 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:25:15+00:00March 7, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.27.07 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:27:30+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Armed federal agents1Armed federal agents during the Wounded Knee Occupation at on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, March 2nd, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.27.07 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:27:30+00:00March 2, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.28.37 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:30:19+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Armed federal agents search a car1Armed Federal Marshals search the car and equipment of a group of journalists at an Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) roadblock during the American Indian Movement (AIM) occupation of the town of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.28.37 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:30:19+00:001973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.31.43 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:32:32+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Nurse applies bandage1American nurse Vivian Amiotte applies a bandage on Pete Catches of the AIM during the Wounded Knee Occupation at Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, March 6th, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.31.43 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:32:32+00:00March 6, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.34.45 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:35:06+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Native American activist Webster Poor Bear has bullet wound treated1Native American activist Webster Poor Bear (1951-2009), who suffered a bullet wound to his leg during an exchange of gunfire, during the Wounded Knee Occupation on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, March 8th, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.34.45 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:35:06+00:00March 8, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49
1media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.36.40 PM_thumb.png2023-03-17T23:37:07+00:00Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a491973 Wounded Knee: Native American activist Webster Poor Bear has bullet wound treated 21Native American activist Webster Poor Bear (1951-2009), who suffered a bullet wound to his leg during an exchange of gunfire, during the Wounded Knee Occupation on the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota, March 8th, 1973.media/Screenshot 2023-03-17 at 4.36.40 PM.pngplain2023-03-17T23:37:07+00:00March 8, 1973Gina Leonf0ac362b4453e23ee8a94b1a49fbeeafde2a0a49